Endometriosis is a condition in which the endometrial tissue, normally found in the lining of the uterus, grows outside the uterus, such as on the ovaries, pelvic tissue, and fallopian tubes. This disease can affect surrounding organs, such as the bladder and intestines, and in rare cases, may show up in other parts of the body. It affects about 10% of women and is one of the main causes of infertility. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatments for endometriosis.
The exact cause of this disease is not fully understood. However, the most likely cause is retrograde menstruation. During menstruation, some of the shed tissue flows through the fallopian tubes into the pelvis and other areas of the body. When this tissue grows outside the uterus, endometriosis develops.
This growth can result in severe vaginal bleeding and intense lower abdominal pain during menstruation. Genetic factors, retrograde menstruation, immune system problems, estrogen hormone, hysterectomy, and cesarean delivery can all contribute to the development of endometriosis.
There are common symptoms associated with this type of cyst. These include severe pain during menstruation, pelvic pain, discomfort during sexual intercourse, and pain while urinating. Additionally, light spotting between periods is one of the main symptoms. Seeing blood in stool, diarrhea, constipation, and infertility are also common signs of this condition.
The definitive diagnosis of this condition is usually made through laparoscopy, where lesions are examined. The definitive diagnosis of a chocolate cyst is also confirmed when endometrial tissue is found outside the uterus, in various areas of the body. In the initial diagnosis phase, the individual's detailed history and symptoms are important. The information gathered from the patient's history is used to guide further investigation.
In some cases, additional tests may be requested. If a person has blood in their urine, a small camera may be inserted into the bladder for examination. In cases of bloody stools, colonoscopy may reveal endometriotic nodules. It is always a good idea to consult a specialist for proper evaluation. MRI imaging can also be used for diagnosis during this process.
For women experiencing severe pain, medical treatment is available. However, in advanced cases where reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) are not effective, surgical treatment options may be considered, especially for women who are trying to conceive.
In these cases, IVF and other assisted reproductive techniques should be explored initially. Some patients who undergo IVF treatment may successfully become pregnant and overcome the condition. If these treatments do not provide a positive outcome, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the disease from the body. In this case, laparoscopy is used to remove cysts and open adhesions. The fallopian tubes are restored to their normal anatomy.
You may also be interested in our other article titled Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know.
