Understanding PGD Before Embryo Transfer: Options in Istanbul IVF Clinics

What Is PGD?

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is an advanced laboratory procedure performed during an IVF cycle to screen embryos for genetic or chromosomal abnormalities before they are transferred into the uterus.

The goal is to identify embryos with the highest potential for a healthy pregnancy and live birth, reducing the risk of miscarriage and genetic disorders.

PGD is particularly recommended for couples with a higher-than-average risk of passing on inherited diseases or those who have experienced multiple IVF failures.

How PGD Fits Into the IVF Process

The PGD process integrates seamlessly into a standard IVF cycle:

1. Ovarian Stimulation & Egg Retrieval
2. Hormonal medications stimulate multiple egg production.
3. Eggs are collected through a short, minimally invasive procedure.
4. Fertilisation
5. Eggs are fertilised with sperm in the laboratory.
6. ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) may be used for precision fertilisation.
7. Embryo Culture
8. Embryos develop in a specialised incubator for 3–5 days.
9. Embryo Biopsy
10. A few cells are carefully removed from the developing embryo without harming its viability.
11. Genetic Analysis
12. The biopsied cells are tested using advanced methods such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) or Array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (array CGH).
13. Embryo Selection & Transfer
14. Only chromosomally normal and genetically healthy embryos are chosen for transfer into the uterus.

Why Consider PGD?

PGD can be a game-changer for certain couples, offering the ability to:

1. Detect Single-Gene Disorders – e.g., cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, Huntington’s disease
2. Identify Chromosomal Abnormalities – e.g., Down syndrome, Turner syndrome
3. Reduce Miscarriage Risk – Especially when recurrent loss is linked to genetic factors
4. Improve IVF Outcomes – By selecting embryos most likely to implant successfully

Who Should Consider PGD?

PGD may be particularly beneficial for:

1. Couples with a known genetic condition in the family
2. Women over 35, who face higher chromosomal abnormality risks
3. Couples with multiple failed IVF cycles or recurrent miscarriages
4. Parents with a previous child affected by a genetic disorder

PGD Options in Istanbul IVF Clinics

Istanbul has become a leading global hub for fertility treatments, including PGD, due to:

1. Cutting-Edge Technology – Widespread use of NGS and array CGH
2. Expert Embryologists – Many trained in top European and US fertility centres
3. Multilingual Support – English, Arabic, Russian, and more for international patients
4. Integrated IVF & PGD Packages – Combining both treatments in a single, streamlined process

Costs of PGD in Istanbul (2025)

1. IVF Cycle: £2,000 – £3,500
2. PGD Testing (per batch of embryos): £1,500 – £3,000

Total Costs Depend On:

1. Number of embryos tested
2. Complexity of the genetic analysis
3. Whether additional services like embryo freezing or donor gametes are required

Even when including travel expenses, PGD in Istanbul can be 40–60% cheaper than in the UK or EU.

Success Rates with PGD

While PGD does not guarantee pregnancy, it can significantly enhance outcomes:

1. Higher Implantation Rates – By transferring genetically healthy embryos
2. Lower Miscarriage Rates – Reducing losses linked to chromosomal defects
3. Improved Live Birth Rates – Especially in women over 35 or with recurrent IVF failures

Limitations & Considerations

1. PGD may reduce the number of embryos available for transfer
2. Not all genetic disorders can be detected
3. Requires highly specialised lab expertise and equipment
4. Emotional and financial investment should be carefully considered

Final Thoughts: Is PGD Right for You?

PGD offers peace of mind and can be a decisive step for couples concerned about passing on genetic disorders or facing recurrent IVF challenges.

Istanbul’s leading IVF clinics combine world-class technology, internationally trained specialists, and cost-effective treatment packages, making them an attractive choice for international patients.

At the clinic of Assoc. Dr. Nurettin Türktekin, we provide comprehensive IVF + PGD services tailored to each couple’s medical history, genetic profile, and personal goals. Our mission is to help you achieve a healthy pregnancy with confidence and clarity.

Contact us today to discuss whether PGD is the right next step in your fertility journey.